Archaeology & ArtifactsAround 230 CE
Megiddo Mosaic
A third-century mosaic floor from a Christian prayer hall whose Greek inscription refers to “God Jesus Christ.”
View Evidence Evidence Vault
Evidence Vault
Explore physical archaeological and manuscript evidence that can be examined, dated, and studied. Each entry explains what the evidence supports—and what it cannot prove by itself.
Physical record
Archaeology & Artifacts
Inscriptions and objects that preserve names, kingdoms, beliefs, and events from the biblical world.
Archaeology & Artifacts26–36 CE
Pilate Stone
A first-century Latin inscription naming Pontius Pilate and identifying him as prefect of Judea.
View EvidenceArchaeology & ArtifactsNinth century BCE
Tel Dan Stele
A royal Aramaic victory inscription containing the phrase widely read as “House of David.”
View EvidenceArchaeology & ArtifactsAround 691 BCE; campaign of 701 BCE
Sennacherib’s Prism
An Assyrian royal record describing Sennacherib’s campaign in Judah and his pressure on King Hezekiah.
View EvidencePhysical record
Manuscripts & Textual Artifacts
Ancient physical copies that illuminate the age, circulation, and transmission of biblical texts.
Manuscripts & Textual ArtifactsThird century BCE to first century CE
Dead Sea Scrolls
Thousands of ancient manuscript fragments preserving biblical books and other Jewish writings from the Second Temple period.
View EvidenceManuscripts & Textual ArtifactsAround 125 BCE
Great Isaiah Scroll
A nearly complete copy of Isaiah created more than a century before the time of Jesus.
View EvidenceManuscripts & Textual ArtifactsSecond century CE; exact date disputed
P52 / Rylands Papyrus
A small papyrus codex fragment preserving lines from both sides of John 18.
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